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Showing posts with label Programming Test. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Programming Test. Show all posts

Write a program for sorting array. Quick sort, merge sort, Heap Sort

Ans : 

Quick Sorting Integer Array - Explanation


func swap<T: Comparable>(leftValue: inout T, rightValue: inout T) {
    (leftValue, rightValue) = (rightValue, leftValue)
}

func partition<T: Comparable>(array: inout [T], startIndex: Int, endIndex: Int) -> Int {
    var q = startIndex
    for index in startIndex..<endIndex {
        if array[index] < array[endIndex] {
            swap(leftValue: &array[q], rightValue: &array[index])
            q += 1
        }
    }
    swap(leftValue: &array[q], rightValue: &array[endIndex])
    return q
}
func quickSort<T: Comparable>(array: inout [T], startIndex: Int, endIndex: Int) {
    // Base case
    if startIndex >= endIndex {
        return
    }
    let placedItemIndex = partition(array: &array, startIndex: startIndex, endIndex: endIndex)
    quickSort(array: &array, startIndex: startIndex, endIndex: placedItemIndex-1)
    quickSort(array: &array, startIndex: placedItemIndex+1, endIndex: endIndex)
}
func quickSort<T: Comparable>(array: inout [T]) {
    quickSort(array: &array, startIndex: 0, endIndex: array.count-1)
}
var numbers = [13, 77, 20, 45, 2, 15, 0, 59, 5, 68, 51, 1, -1, 77]

quickSort(array: &numbers)


Merge Sorting Integer Array - Explanation


func merge<T: Comparable> (array: inout [T], startIndex: Int, middleIndex: Int, endIndex: Int) {
    let leftSubarray = Array(array[startIndex...middleIndex])
    let rightSubarray = Array(array[middleIndex+1...endIndex])
    var index = startIndex
    var leftIndex = 0
    var rightIndex = 0
    while leftIndex < leftSubarray.count && rightIndex < rightSubarray.count {
        if leftSubarray[leftIndex] < rightSubarray[rightIndex] {
            array[index] = leftSubarray[leftIndex]
            leftIndex += 1
        }
        else {
            array[index] = rightSubarray[rightIndex]
            rightIndex += 1
        }
        index += 1
    }
    while leftIndex < leftSubarray.count {
        array[index] = leftSubarray[leftIndex]
        index += 1
        leftIndex += 1
    }
    while rightIndex < rightSubarray.count {
        array[index] = rightSubarray[rightIndex]
        index += 1
        rightIndex += 1
    }
}

func mergeSort<T: Comparable>(array: inout [T], startIndex: Int, endIndex: Int) {
    // Base case
    if startIndex >= endIndex {
        return
    }
    let middleIndex = (startIndex + endIndex) / 2
    mergeSort(array: &array, startIndex: startIndex, endIndex: middleIndex)
    mergeSort(array: &array, startIndex: middleIndex+1, endIndex: endIndex)
    merge(array: &array, startIndex: startIndex, middleIndex: middleIndex, endIndex: endIndex)
}
func mergeSort<T: Comparable>(array: inout [T]) {
    mergeSort(array: &array, startIndex: 0, endIndex: array.count-1)
}

var numbers = [13, 77, 20, 45, 2, 15, 0, 59, 5, 68, 51, 1, -1, 77]
mergeSort(array: &numbers)





Heap Sorting Integer Array - Explanation

extension Heap {
    public mutating func sort() -> [T] {
        for i in stride(from: (nodes.count - 1), through: 1, by: -1) {
            nodes.swapAt(0, i)
            shiftDown(from: 0, until: i)
        }
        return nodes
    }
}
/*
 Sorts an array using a heap.
 Heapsort can be performed in-place, but it is not a stable sort.
 */
public func heapsort<T>(_ a: [T], _ sort: @escaping (T, T) -> Bool) -> [T] {
    let reverseOrder = { i1, i2 in sort(i2, i1) }
    var h = Heap(array: a, sort: reverseOrder)
    return h.sort()
}

//Testing
func testSort() {
    var h1 = Heap(array: [5, 13, 2, 25, 7, 17, 20, 8, 4], sort: >)
    let a1 = h1.sort()
}

// output : [2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 13, 17, 20, 25]


Write a program for get only numeric from "a,b,1,2,c,4,d,3"

Ans :  

let string = "I have to buy 3 apples, 7 bananas, 10eggs"
let stringArray = string.components(separatedBy: CharacterSet.decimalDigits.inverted)
for item in stringArray {
    if let number = Int(item) {
        print("number: \(number)")
    }

}

Output : 

3
7
10


Write a program to swap between two numbers without third variable

Ans : 

For Int : 

var x = 5
var y = 7

x = x + y
y = x - y
x = x - y

print(x)
print(y)


For Other Types :

var a = "a"
var b = "b"
(b, a) = (a, b)



Write program of fast enumeration in swift

Ans : 


  1. enum Beverage: CaseIterable {
  2. case coffee, tea, juice
  3. }
  4. let numberOfChoices = Beverage.allCases.count
  5. print("\(numberOfChoices) beverages available")

  1. for beverage in Beverage.allCases {
  2. print(beverage)
  3. }

Write a program to convert character array to string in Swift

Ans: 

Convert character array to string :

let characterArray: [Character] = ["i", "o", "s", "i", "q", "a", ".", "c", "o", "m"]
let string = String(characterArray)

print(string)

// prints "iosiqa.com"

Convert string array to String : 

let stringArray = ["iosiqa", ".", "com"]
let characterArray = stringArray.flatMap { String.CharacterView($0) }
//let characterArray = stringArray.flatMap { $0.characters } // also works
let string = String(characterArray)

print(string)

// prints "iosiqa.com"

Write a program to remove duplicate elements from array

Ans : 


    Method - 1 : 

    extension Array where Element: Equatable {
        mutating func removeDuplicates() {
            var result = [Element]()
            for value in self {
                if !result.contains(value) {
                    result.append(value)
                }
            }
            self = result
        }
    }


   Use : 


var faa = [3, 0, 1, 0, 3, 1, 2, 0, 1, 2]
faa.removeDuplicates()

output = [3,0,1,2]


Method - 2


 let unique = Array(Set(originals))

Set is collection of unique and unordered elements. So we have converted array to set here to remove duplicate. Output array does not have same order as original.


Write a program to find first 10 prime numbers

Ans : 


     let N = 10
    let maxP = 1000
    var isPrime: [Bool] = []
    var primes: [Int] = []
    
     for i in 0...maxP {
        isPrime.append(true)
    }
    
    isPrime[0] = false
    isPrime[1] = false
    
     for i in 2...maxP {
       if isPrime[i] == true {
          var j = i*i
          while j <= maxP 
               isPrime[j] = false
               j += i
          }
          primes.append(i)
       }
    }
    
    for i in 0..<N {
        print(primes[i])
    }

Write a program to find missing number of array of 1 to n.

Ans : 


      import Foundation
        
        let arr = [1,2,4,5,8,6,9,7]
        let n = arr.count
        let total = ((n + 1)*(n + 2))/2
        var missingNum = total
        for item in arr {
            missingNum = missingNum - item
        }
        print(missingNum)

Write a program to distinguish lowercase and uppercase character from String in swift

Ans : 

Method 1 : 

let string = "iOSiQA is Very Helpful WebSite to Prepare for iOS Interview."
var output = ""

for chr in string {
    var str = String(chr)
    if str.lowercaseString != str {
        output += str
    }
}
print(output)


>>> OSQAVHWPOSI

Method 2 : 

let testString = "iOSiQA is Very Helpful WebSite to Prepare for iOS Interview."
let lowerCase = NSCharacterSet.lowercaseLetterCharacterSet()
let upperCase = NSCharacterSet.uppercaseLetterCharacterSet()

for currentCharacter in testString.utf16 {
  if lowerCase.characterIsMember(currentCharacter) {
    println("Character code \(currentCharacter) is lowercase.")
  } else if upperCase.characterIsMember(currentCharacter) {
    println("Character code \(currentCharacter) is UPPERCASE.")
  } else {
    println("Character code \(currentCharacter) is neither upper- nor lowercase.")
  }

}



Method 3 : 

let testString = "Åke röstet un café in Владивосток!"
let lowerCase = CharacterSet.lowercaseLetters
let upperCase = CharacterSet.uppercaseLetters

for currentCharacter in testString.unicodeScalars {
    if lowerCase.contains(currentCharacter) {
        print("Character code \(currentCharacter) is lowercase.")
    } else if upperCase.contains(currentCharacter) {
        print("Character code \(currentCharacter) is UPPERCASE.")
    } else {
        print("Character code \(currentCharacter) is neither upper- nor lowercase.")
    }
}

Method 4 :   to identify character is uppercase or lowercase

extension Character {

        func isUpperCase() -> Bool {
            return CharacterSet.uppercaseLetters.contains(self.unicodeScalars.first!)
        }

        func isLowerCase() -> Bool {
            return CharacterSet.lowercaseLetters.contains(self.unicodeScalars.first!)
        }


  }

Write a program to reverse string in swift

Ans : 

Using Self made function : 

func reverse(_ s: String) -> String {
       var str = ""
       //.String is just like array of characters

       for character in s.characters {
            str = "\(character)" + str
            print ( str)
       }
   return str
}

print (reverse("!pleH"))


Using Swift Direct method : 

Swift 4.0

let str = "abc"

String(str.reversed())

or 

String(str.characters.reversed())



Write program for ascending sorting Int Array in any language

Ans : 
(Interviewer told syntax doesn't matter, write pseudo-code type program)

1. Not using direct function.

 void main()
    {

        int i, j, a, n, number[30];
        printf("Enter the value of N \n");
        scanf("%d", &n);

        printf("Enter the numbers \n");
        for (i = 0; i < n; ++i)
            scanf("%d", &number[i]);

        for (i = 0; i < n; ++i)
        {

            for (j = i + 1; j < n; ++j)
            {

                if (number[i] > number[j])
                {

                    a =  number[i];
                    number[i] = number[j];
                    number[j] = a;

                }

            }

        }

        printf("The numbers arranged in ascending order are given below \n");
        for (i = 0; i < n; ++i)
            printf("%d\n", number[i]);

    }

2. If we write in swift using higher order function, then

var numbers = [45,6,113,56,8,56,43,78]

print(numbers.sort()) //Sorting in Ascending order

print(numbers.sort(>)) //Sorting in Descending order

Interviewer mostly asked this question to check your programming logic. So he/she don't require syntax.

Q. Sorting strings array
A.
Method 1 : 
var sortedArray = swiftArray.sorted { $0.localizedCaseInsensitiveCompare($1) == ComparisonResult.orderedAscending }

Method 2 : 
let sortedNames = names.sort { $0.name < $1.name }
let sortedNames = names.sorted(by: <)


Equilibrium Problem - Left and right side and top and bottom side sum of any point are same in matrix


Problem Description :

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>


int leftArraySum(NSMutableArray *A,int n)
{
    NSInteger sum  = 0;
    for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
    {
        sum += [[A objectAtIndex:i] integerValue];   
    }
    return sum;
}

int reightArraySum(NSMutableArray *A,int n)
{
     NSInteger sum  = 0;
    for(int i=n+1;i<[A count];i++)
    {
        sum += [[A objectAtIndex:i] integerValue];   
    }
    return sum;
}

int topArraySum(NSMutableArray *A,int n)
{
     NSInteger sum  = 0;
    for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
    {
        sum += [[A objectAtIndex:i] integerValue];   
    }
    return sum;
}

int bottomArraySum(NSMutableArray *A,int n)
{
     NSInteger sum  = 0;
    for(int i=n+1;i<[A count];i++)
    {
        sum += [[A objectAtIndex:i] integerValue];   
    }
    return sum;
}

int solution(NSMutableArray *A) {
    // write your code in Objective-C 2.0
 
    NSMutableArray *rowArr = [A objectAtIndex:0];
    int colCount = [rowArr count];
    int rowCount = [A count];
 
    NSMutableArray *arrRowSum = [[NSMutableArray alloc] initWithCapacity: rowCount];
    NSMutableArray *arrColSum = [[NSMutableArray alloc] initWithCapacity: colCount];
 
    for(int i=0;i<rowCount;i++)
    {
        NSArray *colArr = [A objectAtIndex:i];
        NSNumber * sum = [colArr valueForKeyPath:@"@sum.self"];
        [arrRowSum insertObject:sum atIndex:i];
    }
 
    for(int i=0;i<colCount;i++)
    {
     
        NSInteger sum = 0;
        for(int j=0;j<rowCount;j++)
        {
           sum +=  [[[A objectAtIndex:j] objectAtIndex:i] integerValue];
        }
        NSNumber *sumVal = [NSNumber numberWithInt:sum];
        [arrColSum insertObject:sumVal atIndex:i];
    }
 
    int result = 0;
    for (int i=1;i<rowCount;i++)
    {
        int left = leftArraySum(arrRowSum,i);
        int right = reightArraySum(A,i);
        if(left  == right)
        {
            for(int j=0;j<colCount;j++)
            {
                int top = topArraySum(A,j);
                int bottom = bottomArraySum(A,j);
                   if(top == bottom )
                {
                    result = i+j;
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
    }
 
    return result;
}


Determine index of one integer in another integer - online programming question

Problem Description : Determine index of one integer in another integer

i.e If input A = 23,B = 1472367 then Output : 3 . Because '23' is 3rd index in '1472367'.

Asked in Company : Futurescape Technologies Pvt Ltd  via Codility.com

Ans : 

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
// you can also use other imports, for example:
// #import <SomeLibrary/SomeFile.h>

// you can write to stdout for debugging purposes, e.g.
// printf("this is a debug message\n");

int solution(int A, int B) {
    // write your code in Objective-C 2.0
    NSString *strA = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%d",A];
    NSString *strB = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%d",B];
 
   NSRange range =   [strB rangeOfString:strA];
   if(range.location == NSNotFound)
   return -1;
   else
   return range.location;
}